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CPT 99221, 99222, and 99223 cover the single most consequential coding decision in hospital medicine the initial visit that sets the tone, and the reimbursement, for an entire inpatient or observation stay. This 2026 guide breaks down the MDM and time thresholds that separate the three codes, the documentation each one requires, the modifier -AI rule that trips up multi-physician coverage, and the two-midnight rule considerations every hospitalist and internal medicine biller